Ogled vira Barion Σ

{{Infopolje Delec
| name            = barion Σ 
| image       = 
| caption     = 
| num_types       = 
| statistics      = [[fermion]]ska
| group           = [[barion]]
| generation      = 
| interaction     = 
| antiparticle    = 
| theorized       =
| discovered  = 
| symbol          = <math> \Sigma^0   \,</math>, <math> \Sigma_c \,</math>, <math> \Sigma_b \,</math>,… 
| electric_charge =  glej preglednici
| spin            = 1/2 (3/2)
| isospin = 1
|weak_isospin    = 
|weak_hypercharge= 
}}
'''Barion Σ''' [barión sígma] pripada skupini [[barion]]ov, ki jih označujemo z Σ . Sestavljeni so iz [[kvark u|kvarka u]] in [[kvark d|d]]. Tretji kvark je lahko [[kvark s]] (dobimo barion <math> \Sigma \,</math> ) ali [[kvark c]] (dobimo barion <math> \Sigma_c \,</math> ali barion Σ s čarom) ali [[kvark b]] (dobimo barion <math> \Sigma_b \,</math> ali barion Σ s kvarkom dno) ali [[kvark t]] (dobimo barion <math> \Lambda_t \,</math> ali barion Σ z vrhom).

== Seznam barionov Σ ==
Barioni Σ nastopajo v dveh skupinah, ki se razlikujeta v [[spin]]u. Prva skupina izhaja iz okteta barionov s spinom 1/2, druga pa iz dekupleta, kjer imajo barioni spin 3/2. 

V pregledu niso podani antibarioni (dobimo jih preprosto tako, da vse kvarke spremenimo v [[antikvark]]e, [[električni naboj|naboj]] dobi nasproten predznak, [[kvantno število|kvantna števila]] <math> B, S, C, B^\prime, T \,</math> dobijo nasprotni predznak). 

=== Barioni z J<sup>P</sup> = {{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup> ===
[[Slika:Baryon-octet-small.svg|thumb|right|Oktet barionov s spinom 1/2. Prikazan je položaj bariona Σ v oktetu. S označuje [[čudnost (fizika)|čudnost]], Q pa [[električni naboj|naboj]].]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ime delca
! oznaka
! kvarki
! [[mirovna masa]] ([[Elektronvolt|MeV]]/[[hitrost svetlobe|c]]<sup>2</sup>)
! width="50"|[[izospin|I]]
! width="50"|[[skupna vrtilna količina|J]]<sup>[[parnost (fizika)|P]]</sup>
! width="50"|[[naboj|q]] ([[osnovni naboj|e]])
! width="50"|[[čudnost (fizika)|S]]
! width="50"|[[čar (fizika)|C]]
! width="50"|[[dno (fizika)|B']]
! width="50"|[[vrh (fizika)|T]]
! [[srednji življenjski čas]] ([[sekunda|s]])
! razpad
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) <ref name=PDGSigma+>C. Amsler et al. (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/s019.pdf Pregled delcev – <math> \Sigma^+ \,</math>]</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^+ \,</math>
| <math> uus \,</math>
| 1,189,37&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,07
| 1
| 1/2<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 8,018±0,026.10<sup>−11</sup>
| [[proton|p^+]] + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]] ali <br/>
[[nevtron|n<sup>0</sup>]] + [[pion|π<sup>+</sup>]] 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) <ref name=PDGSigma0>C. Amsler et al. (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/s021.pdf Pregled delcev – <math> \Sigma^0 \,</math>]</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^0 \,</math>
| <math> uds \,</math>
| 1192,642&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,024
| 1
| 1/2<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 7,4±0,7.10<sup>-20</sup>
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>0</sup>]]+ [[foton|γ]]
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) <ref name=PDGSigma->C. Amsler et al. (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/s020.pdf Pregled delcev – <math> \Sigma^- \,</math>]</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^- \,</math>
| <math> dds \,</math>
| 1197,449&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,030
| 1
| 1/2<sup>+</sup>
| −1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1479±0,011.10<sup>-10</sup>
| [[nevtron|n<sup>0</sup>]] + [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]]
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) s čarom <ref name=PDGCharmedSigma(2455)>C. Amsler et al. (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/b104.pdf Pregled delcev – <math> \Sigma^{+}_c (2455) \,</math>]</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^{+}_c (2455) \,</math> 
| <math> uuc \,</math>
| 2454,02&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,18
| 1
| 1/2<sup>+</sup>
| +2
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 3,0±0,4.10<sup>-22</sup> <sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>+</sup><sub>c</sub>]] + [[pion|π<sup>+</sup>]]
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) s čarom <ref name=PDGCharmedSigma(2455)/>
| <math> \Sigma^{+}_c (2455) \,</math> 
| <math>udc \,</math>
| 2452,9&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,4
| 1
| 1/2<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| >1,4.10<sup>−22</sup> <sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>+</sup><sub>c</sub>]] + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]]
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"|sigma (Σ) s čarom <ref name=PDGCharmedSigma(2455)/>
| <math> \Sigma^{0}_c (2455) \,</math> 
| <math> ddc \,</math>
| 2453,76&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,18
| 1
| 1/2<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 3,0±0,5.10<sup>-22</sup> <sup>{{ref|Lifetime|[a]}}</sup>
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>+</sup><sub>c</sub>]] +  [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]]
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z dnom <ref name=BottomSigma>T. Aaltonen et al. (2007a)</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^{+}_b \,</math> (?<sup>{{ref|nameofsigma|[a]}}</sup>)
| <math> uub \,</math>
| 5,807{{±|3,7|3,9}} 
| 1
| {{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| neznana
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>0</sup><sub>b</sub>]] + [[pion|π<sup>+</sup>]] (opaženo)
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z dnom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{0}_b \,</math> (?<sup>{{ref|nameofsigma|[a]}}</sup>)
| <math> udb \,</math>
| neznana
| 1
| {{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| neznana
| neznan
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z dnom <ref name=BottomSigma/>
| <math> \Sigma^{-}_b \,</math> (?<sup>{{ref|nameofsigma|[a]}}</sup>)
| <math> ddb \,</math>
| 5815,2&nbsp;±&nbsp;2,7
| 1
| {{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| −1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| neznana
|[[barion Λ|Λ<sup>0</sup><sub>b</sub>]] + [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]] (opaženo)}
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z vrhom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{++}_t \,</math> 
| <math> uut \,</math>
| —
| 1
|{{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z vrhom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{+}_t \,</math> 
| <math> udt \,</math>
| —
| 1
| {{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z vrhom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{0}_t \,</math> 
| <math>ddt \,</math>
| —
| 1
| {{frac|1|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|}
<sup>†</sup> {{note|Undiscovered}} Delec še ni bil opažen, predvideva ga [[standardni model]]. <br>
<sup>[b]</sup> {{note|nameofsigma}} Ime še ni določeno, toda bo verjetno podobno kot  za barion Σ (5810).</br>
Opomba za vsa imena: oznaka ''sigma (Σ) s čarom'' pomeni, da barion vsebuje tudi [[kvark c]]. Podobno so zgrajene ostale oznake.

=== Barioni z J<sup>P</sup> = {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup> ===
[[Slika:Baryon-decuplet-small.svg|thumb|right|Dekuplet barionov s spinom 3/2. Viden je položaj bariona Σ (Σ<sup>*</sup>) med ostalimi barioni. Z S je označena [[čudnost (fizika)|čudnost]], s Q pa [[električni naboj|naboj]].]]
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! ime delca
! oznaka
! kvarki
! [[mirovna masa]] ([[Elektronvolt|MeV]]/[[hitrost svetlobe|c]]<sup>2</sup>)
! width="50"|[[iszspin|I]]
! width="50"|[[skupna vrtilna količina|J]]<sup>[[parnost (fizika)|P]]</sup>
! width="50"|[[naboj|q]] ([[osnovni naboj|e]])
! width="50"|[[čudnost (fizika)|S]]
! width="50"|[[čar (fizika)|C]]
! width="50"|[[dno (fizika)|B']]
! width="50"|[[vrh (fizika)|T]]
! [[srednji življenjski čas]] <br />([[sekunda|s]])
! razpad
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma<ref name=PDGSigma*>C. Amsler et al. (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/b043.pdf Pregled delcev – <math> \Sigma^{*+} (1385) \,</math>]</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^{*+} (1385) \,</math>
| <math> uus \,</math>
| 1382,8&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,4
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1,84±0,04<sup>−23</sup>
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>0</sup>]] + [[pion|π<sup>+</sup>]] ali <br />
Σ<sup>+</sup> + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]] <br />
Σ<sup>0</sup> + [[pion|π<sup>+</sup>]] 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma<ref name=PDGSigma*/>
| <math> \Sigma^{*+} (1385) \,</math>
| <math> uds \,</math>
| 1383,7&nbsp;±&nbsp;1,0
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1,8±0,3.10<sup>−23</sup> 
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>0</sup>]] + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]]  ali <br />
Σ<sup>+</sup> + [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]] ali <br />
Σ<sup>0</sup> + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]] 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| Sigma<ref name=PDGSigma*/>
| <math> \Sigma^{*-} (1385) \,</math>
| <math> dds \,</math>
| 1387,2&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,5
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| −1
| −1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 1,67±0,09.10<sup>−23</sup> 
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>0</sup>]] + [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]] ali <br />
Σ<sup>0</sup> + [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]] ali <br />
Σ<sup>-</sup> + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]] 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) s čarom <ref name=PDGCharmedSigma*>C. Amsler et al. (2008): [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/listings/b115.pdf  Pregled delcev – <math> \Sigma^{*++}_c (2520) \,</math>]</ref>
| <math> \Sigma^{*++}_c (2520) \,</math>
| <math> uuc \,</math>	
| 2518,4&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,6
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +2
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 4,4±0,6.10<sup>−23</sup> 
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>+</sup><sub>c</sub>]]  + [[pion|π<sup>+</sup>]] 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) s čarom <ref name=PDGCharmedSigma*/>
| <math> \Sigma^{*+}_c (2520) \,</math>
| <math> udc \,</math>
| 2517,5&nbsp;±&nbsp;2,3
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 3,9.10<sup>−23</sup> 
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>+</sup><sub>c</sub>]] + [[pion|π<sup>0</sup>]] 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) s čarom <ref name=PDGCharmedSigma*/>
| <math> \Sigma^{*0}_c (2520) \,</math>
| <math> ddc \,</math>
| 2518,0&nbsp;±&nbsp;0,5
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| 0
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 4,1±0,5.10<sup>−23</sup> 
| [[barion Λ|Λ<sup>+</sup><sub>c</sub>]] + [[pion|π<sup>-</sup>]]
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z dnom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{*+}_c \,</math>
| <math> uub \,</math>
| neznana
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| neznana
| neznan
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z dnom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{*0}_b \,</math>
| <math> udb \,</math>
| neznana
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| neznana
| neznan 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z dnom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{*-}_b \,</math>
| <math> ddb \,</math>
| neznana
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| −1
| 0
| 0
| −1
| 0
| neznana
| neznan 
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z vrhom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{*++}_b \,</math>
| <math> uut \,</math>
| —
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +2
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z vrhom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{*+}_t \,</math>
| <math> udt \,</math>
| —
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| +1
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|- style="height:40px"
|align="left"| sigma (Σ) z vrhom <sup>{{ref|Undiscovered2|†}}</sup>
| <math> \Sigma^{*0}_t \,</math>
| <math> ddt \,</math>
| —
| 1
| {{frac|3|2}}<sup>+</sup>
| 0
| 0
| 0
| 0
| +1
| —
| —
|-
|}
<sup>†</sup> {{note|Undiscovered2}} Delec še ni bil opažen, predvideva ga standardni model. <br />
Opomba za vsa imena: oznaka ''sigma (Σ) s čarom'' pomeni, da barion vsebuje tudi [[kvark c]]. Podobno so zgrajene ostale oznake.


== Opombe in sklici ==
{{opombe}}

== Glej tudi ==
* [[seznam barionov]]

== Zunanje povezave ==
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/particles/sigma.html Sigma barion na Hyperphysics] {{ikona en}}

 [[Kategorija:Barioni]]
{{normativna kontrola}}